How Secure is Your Accounts Receivable Department?

Asset misappropriation schemes make up more than half of all occupational fraud schemes, according to the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. It’s a broad category that includes everything from skimming cash to stealing inventory to paying “ghost” employees. One hotspot for asset misappropriation is the accounts receivables department, where dishonest staffers could potentially divert customer payments for their own use. If you don’t have strong internal controls for receivables, what are you waiting for? Lapping leads The most common form of receivables fraud is lapping, where perpetrators apply receipts from one account to cover misappropriations from another. For example, rather than credit Customer A’s account for its payment, a thief may pocket the funds and later post a payment from Customer B to A’s account, Customer C’s payment...

Inheriting Stock or Other Assets? You'll Receive a Favorable "Stepped-up Basis"

If you’re planning your estate, or you’ve recently inherited assets, you may be unsure of the “cost” (or “basis”) for tax purposes. How do the rules work? Under the current fair market value basis rules (also known as the “step-up and step-down” rules), an heir receives a basis in inherited property equal to its date-of-death value. So, for example, if your grandfather bought stock in 1940 for $600 and it’s worth $1 million at his death, the basis is stepped up to $1 million in the hands of your grandfather’s heirs — and all of that gain escapes federal income tax. The fair market value basis rules apply to inherited property that’s includible in the deceased’s gross estate, and those rules also apply to property inherited from foreign...

Potential Roadblocks to Valuing a Business in Divorce Proceedings

Divorce is never easy. But when the marital estate includes a private business interest, matters can become especially complicated. Here are some challenges that may be encountered when divorce proceedings require a business valuation. Data sharing Because divorce often is adversarial, the parties may withhold or slant information to protect their financial interests. For example, a spouse who owns a business might intentionally limit the opposing expert’s access to documents, facilities or management personnel. Or the owner-spouse might alter accounting records or hide assets. A valuation expert who’s involved in the discovery phase can compile a list of key documents and procedures to request from the judge. It’s important to obtain court approval of document requests, site visits and management interviews even in amicable cases, because in divorce...

Use an S Corporation to Mitigate Federal Employment Tax Bills

If you own an unincorporated small business, you probably don’t like the size of your self-employment (SE) tax bills. No wonder! For 2023, the SE tax is imposed at the painfully high rate of 15.3% on the first $160,200 of net SE income. This includes 12.4% for Social Security tax and 2.9% for Medicare tax. The $160,200 Social Security tax ceiling is up from the $147,000 ceiling for 2022, and it’s only going to get worse in future years, thanks to inflation. Above the Social Security tax ceiling, the Medicare tax component of the SE tax continues at a 2.9% rate before increasing to 3.8% at higher levels of net SE income thanks to the 0.9% additional Medicare tax, on all income. The S corp advantage For wages...

That E-mail or Text from the IRS: It's a Scam!

“Thousands of people have lost millions of dollars and their personal information to tax scams,” according to the IRS. The scams may come in through email, text messages, telephone calls or regular mail. Criminals regularly target both individuals and businesses and often prey on the elderly. Important: The IRS will never contact you by email, text or social media channels about a tax bill or refund. Most IRS contacts are first made through regular mail. So if you get a text message saying it’s the IRS and asking for your Social Security number, it’s someone trying to steal your identity and rob you. Remember that the IRS already has your Social Security number. “Scammers are coming up with new ways all the time to try to steal...

Starting a Business? How Expenses Will be Treated on your Tax Return.

Government officials saw a large increase in the number of new businesses launched during the COVID-19 pandemic. And the U.S. Census Bureau reports that business applications are still increasing slightly (up 0.4% from April 2023 to May 2023). The Bureau measures this by tracking the number of businesses applying for Employer Identification Numbers. If you’re one of the entrepreneurs, you may not know that many of the expenses incurred by start-ups can’t be currently deducted on your tax return. You should be aware that the way you handle some of your initial expenses can make a large difference in your federal tax bill. Handling expenses If you’re starting or planning to launch a new business, here are three rules to keep in mind: Start-up costs include those incurred...

How Phoenix Companies Abuse Bankruptcy Protection and Defraud Investors

According to S&P Global, there have been at least 230 corporate bankruptcy filings thus far in 2023 (through early June). That’s more than twice the number of filings over the same period in 2022. Such growing numbers represent bad news for the companies involved, obviously, but also potentially for their vendors, customers and other business partners. Although bankruptcy can be a valid business tool, it can also enable dishonest business owners to cheat their creditors and then launch a new business. Do whatever you can to steer your business clear of these “phoenix” companies. Driven into the ground Phoenix companies earn their name because they rise from the ashes of failed companies, often trading on the goodwill of the original businesses. Here’s how a phoenix company scheme might...

The Best Way to Survive an IRS Audit is to Prepare

The IRS recently released its audit statistics for the 2022 fiscal year and fewer taxpayers had their returns examined as compared with prior years. But even though a small percentage of returns are being chosen for audits these days, that will be little consolation if yours is one of them. Recent statistics Overall, just 0.49% of individual tax returns were audited in 2022. However, as in the past, those with higher incomes were audited at higher rates. For example, 8.5% of returns of taxpayers with adjusted gross incomes (AGIs) of $10 million or more were audited as of the end of FY 2022. However, audits are expected to be on the rise in coming months because the Biden administration has made it a priority to go after high-income...

The Trust Fund Recovery Penalty: Who Can it be Personally Assessed Against?

If you own or manage a business with employees, there’s a harsh tax penalty that you could be at risk for paying personally. The Trust Fund Recovery Penalty (TFRP) applies to Social Security and income taxes that are withheld by a business from its employees’ wages. Sweeping penalty The TFRP is dangerous because it applies to a broad range of actions and to a wide range of people involved in a business. Here are some answers to questions about the penalty: What actions are penalized? The TFRP applies to any willful failure to collect, or truthfully account for, and pay over taxes required to be withheld from employees’ wages. Why is it so harsh? Taxes are considered the government’s property. The IRS explains that Social Security and income taxes “are...

How the Pros Use Public Data to Value Private Businesses

Business valuation professionals often use public stock market data to value private businesses — even though there are critical differences between closely held and publicly traded companies. Here’s an overview of how valuators modify their analyses to take advantage of objective, market-based indicators of value. Recognizing key differences Public companies differ from private ones in the following five critical ways: Level of oversight, differing goals. The Securities and Exchange Commission requires public companies to file paperwork (such as annual 10-K forms) and comply with its rules and regulations (such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act). Private businesses are generally exempt from these requirements, freeing them to focus less on earnings per share (a short-term performance metric) and more on long-term or non-financial goals. Additionally, private businesses commonly downplay...